Pancreatic islet cells are sugar detection in the pancreas, the cells that release insulin to maintain normal level of blood sugar in the body. In type 1 diabetes, cells cannot make more insulin because he destroyed the body's immune system. Patients with type 1 must take daily injections of insulin, usually complex a combination of insulin in the short and long.
Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is to remove a donor pancreas cells that produce insulin and transfer to a person with diabetes. This is a non-surgical procedure in which cells are given using a needle directly into the liver. Scientists developed the procedure in 1960, but the first attempts of islet transplantation is not conducted prior to the 1990s. Disappointment for everyone, only 8% of the first file successfully. The problem was the same face to other organs or the recipient's immune system tissues transplantation recognized the islets as invaders and attacked. Adding to the problem, the anti-rejection medication in use at the time of review the effectiveness of insulin.
Canadian researchers at the University of Alberta (AU) has made an important step forward in 1999. Using sophisticated island collection and improvement of preparation techniques and medicinal drugs, have reached an impressive success rate of 100% for the first month. But most of their patients would return at the end as the transplanted islets lose their ability to function, even if taking lower doses of insulin injections.
Ten years later, islet transplantation is still an experimental procedure. Remain problems of rejection, and it is difficult to obtain the cells of the pancreas islet generally from 1 million needed for a procedure equivalent to two pancreas. Islet transplantation is currently underway in 17 research centers across the United States, but are not widely available. The procedure is normally limited by 18 to 65 years, who have had diabetes for more than 5 years and have difficulty controlling their blood sugar, causing serious complications of type 1 diabetics.
In islet cell transplantation success, donor islets take insulin and release into the blood of the patient. Also monitor and stabilize blood sugar levels, eliminating the need for insulin injections daily and frequent blood glucose monitoring. But islet transplant patients must take strong medicinal drugs for the rest of their lives that many have serious side effects. Unfortunately, most patients require more transplant to produce enough insulin may stop taking insulin injections. While islet transplantation are still far from a cure, a successful procedure improves the quality of life of the patient and reduces the risk of serious complications of diabetes in the long term, such as stroke, heart disease, kidney disease and eye and nerve damage.
Progress continued to be made to the best medicinal drugs and improve methods of cell transplantation. Researchers are even tempted to obtain financing from other islands, such as animal sources and also trying to grow the cells of pancreatic islets in the laboratory. The credits of the health center of the University of Wisconsin, about 80% of patients receiving transplantation of islets were able to stop taking insulin entirely and who still needs insulin injections achieved better control of blood glucose. The procedure is still very recent, the independence of the longest known insulin after transplantation of the United States is 4 years. The pioneer programme AU reports that 15-20% of their patients remain independent for 5 years after treatment with insulin and these results are improving.
Meanwhile, diabetes type 1 more will continue to monitor their condition with diet, exercise, lifestyle changes and a combination of short and long-acting insulin and follow developments in transplantation of islets with great interest.
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